753 Traditional date for the founding of Rome by Romulus : Rome as a kingdom
753/715 reign of Romulus
610 Lucius Tarquinius Priscus becomes king of Rome.
550 BC: Carthage conquers Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica
534/509 BC: reign of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, the last Roman king
509 BC Founding of Roman Republic, expulsion of Tarquinius Superbus, First Plebeian (commoner) senators appointed (conscripti) to fill vacancies created by the overthrow of the monarchy
495 BC: Temple to Mercury on the Circus Maximus in Rome is built.
400 BCE The Celts had nomadically migrated into northern Italy.
390 – Belinus and Brennus, kings of Britain lay siege on the Roman army and sack Rome
390 Gauls defeat Roman army : battle of the Allia sack of Rome by the Gauls
387 BC: Battle of the Allia and subsequent Gaulish sack of Rome.
340 BC Roman commanders are forbidden to settle warfare by single combat with Celtic Chieftains.
335- Celts encounter Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia, on the Danube. They exchange pledges of alliance. Large numbers of Celtic warriors join the Greeks in a war against the Etruscans.
285 Further Celtic hostilities against Rome; massacre on the River Tiber.
264 First Punic War
299 The Samnites, seizing their chance when Rome is engaged on the Lombard plain, start the third Samnite War with a collection of mercenaries from Gaul and Sabine and Etruscan allies to help them.
298 The Samnites defeat the Romans under Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus in the Battle of Camerinum, first battle of the Third Samnite War.
264 First Punic War breaks out between the Carthaginian Empire and the Roman Republic.
241 BC: First Punic War ends in Carthaginian defeat. Rome demands large reparations, and annexes Sicily and Corsica.
218 BC: Second Punic War begins. Hannibal with Celtic mercenaries makes his famous Alpine crossing to invade Italy , the Roman heartland.
216 Hannibal famously crushed the Roman legions at the Battle of Cannae.
218 Second Punic War begins. Hannibal with Celtic mercenaries makes his famous Alpine crossing to invade Italy, the Roman heartland.
216 Hannibal famously crushed the Roman legions at the Battle of Cannae.
202 Hannibal defeated at Zama by Scipio; extensive Romanization of Celtic tribes begins.
168: Battle of Pydna—The Macedonian phalanx defeated by Romans.
149 Third Punic War
148 Rome conquers Macedonia.
146 Rome destroys and razes the city of Carthage in the Third Punic War.
146 Battle of Corinth
135 First Servile War
107 Roman consul Gaius Marius passes the Marian Reforms, which remove all ownership restrictions for joining the Roman Army.
82 Rome defeats Celts in Italy.
73 A slave rebellion led by the escaped gladiator Spartacus leads to the Third Servile War.
68 Cicilian pirates introduce worship of the Eastern God Mithras to Rome.
67 Pompey clears the Mediterranean of pirates
55 Julius Ceasar of Rome invaded the Celtic Britian.
52 Julius Ceasar defeats Celts in Gaul.
49 ; 31 January 10, Julius Caesar crossed the Rubicon river, precipitating war with Rome.
44 Caesar is assassinated on the Ides of March
31 Roman Civil War: Battle of Actium—Off the western coast of Greece,forces of Octavian defeat troops under Mark Antony and Cleopatra.
27 The Roman Senate votes Octavian the title of Augustus. Augustus eventually assumes all authority formerly held by the Roman senate becoming the first emperor. The Roman state is henceforth known as the Roman Empire, and the period from 27 BCE to CE 305 as the Principate.
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